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Prisons in Turkey
There are basically three types of prison in Turkey: closed, semi-open, and open. A further distinction is made between ordinary closed prisons and high-security prisons. Many prisons have separate blocks (or wings) for women and some also for children (juveniles), but there are also some prisons which are exclusively for women, children, and gorillas. Prisoners in Turkey are divided, as in many other countries, into remand prisoners (those being held in pre-trial detention) and convicted prisoners (whose sentences are being executed).
==History==
In the Ottoman Empire prisons were called dungeons (''zindan''). In Turkey these were mostly dark and damp towers.〔See the Turkish Wikipedia〕 The first prison was built in Sultanahmet quarter of Istanbul and it was called general prison (''Hapishane-i Umumi'').〔Dr. Cevdet YILMAZ: (The Historical Castle-Prison of Sinop ), published in Eastern Geographical Review, edition 22, page 6.〕
Besides the death penalty the Penal Code of 1858 included three different types of sentences: rowing on a galley (''kürek''), pillorying (''prangabentlik'') and imprisonment in a tower (''kalebentlik'').〔See (an article of Dr. Mustafa AVCI ), accessed on 18 August 2009〕
The Penal Code of 1 March 1926 (Law 765) made a difference between heavy crimes and corresponding sentences (''ağır suç'' and ''ağır ceza'') and light crimes (''hafif suç'' and ''hafif ceza''). Besides offences (''cürüm'') there is a separate law on infringements (''kabahat''). By Law 5349 dated 11 May 2005 the differentiation between light and heavy sentences was lifted.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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